diff --git a/Abstracts/FileWatcher.php b/Abstracts/FileWatcher.php
index f0ea81c..700758f 100644
--- a/Abstracts/FileWatcher.php
+++ b/Abstracts/FileWatcher.php
@@ -11,14 +11,18 @@ use Kiri\Server\Events\OnWorkerStart;
 use Kiri\Server\Processes\AbstractProcess;
 use Kiri\Server\Processes\OnProcessInterface;
 use Psr\Log\LoggerInterface;
+use Swoole\Coroutine;
 use Swoole\Event;
 use Swoole\Process;
+use Swoole\Timer;
 use const SIGKILL;
 use const SIGTERM;
 use const SIGUSR1;
 
 class FileWatcher extends AbstractProcess implements OnProcessInterface
 {
+	use ReloadWorkers;
+
 	protected mixed $pipe;
 
 	#[Container(LoggerInterface::class)]
@@ -32,40 +36,40 @@ class FileWatcher extends AbstractProcess implements OnProcessInterface
 
 	protected bool $reloading = false;
 
-	private array $watchPaths      = [];
-	private array $excludePatterns = [];
-	private array $extensions      = ['php'];
+	private array  $watchPaths      = [];
+	private array  $excludePatterns = [];
+	private array  $extensions      = ['php'];
 	private string $strategy;
-	private bool $running = false;
-	private bool $scanning = false;
+	private bool   $running         = false;
+	private bool   $scanning        = false;
 
-	private $inotifyFd = null;
-	private array $inotifyWatchMap = [];
-	private $fswatchProcess = null;
-	private array $fswatchPipes = [];
-	private int $pollInterval = 2;
-	private array $fileSnapshot = [];
-	private $pollTimer = null;
-	private $debounceTimer = null;
-	private int $debounceMs = 200;
-	private int $minReloadIntervalMs = 1000;
-	private int $lastReloadAtMs = 0;
+	private mixed $inotifyFd           = null;
+	private array $inotifyWatchMap     = [];
+	private mixed $fswatchProcess      = null;
+	private array $fswatchPipes        = [];
+	private int   $pollInterval        = 2;
+	private array $fileSnapshot        = [];
+	private int   $pollTimer           = -1;
+	private int   $debounceTimer       = -1;
+	private int   $debounceMs          = 200;
+	private int   $minReloadIntervalMs = 1000;
+	private int   $lastReloadAtMs      = 0;
 
-	private const STRATEGY_INOTIFY = 'inotify';
-	private const STRATEGY_FSWATCH = 'fswatch';
-	private const STRATEGY_POLL = 'poll';
+	private const string STRATEGY_INOTIFY = 'inotify';
+	private const string STRATEGY_FSWATCH = 'fswatch';
+	private const string STRATEGY_POLL    = 'poll';
 
 	public function __construct()
 	{
-		$this->watchPaths = config('servers.reload.listen', []);
+		$this->watchPaths      = config('servers.reload.listen', []);
 		$this->excludePatterns = config('servers.reload.scan.skip_patterns', []);
-		$this->extensions = config('servers.reload.scan.extensions', ['php']);
+		$this->extensions      = config('servers.reload.scan.extensions', ['php']);
 
 		di(EventProvider::class)->on(OnWorkerStart::class, [di(Router::class), 'scan_build_route']);
 
-		$this->debounceMs = (int)config('servers.reload.debounce_ms', $this->debounceMs);
+		$this->debounceMs          = (int)config('servers.reload.debounce_ms', $this->debounceMs);
 		$this->minReloadIntervalMs = (int)config('servers.reload.min_interval_ms', $this->minReloadIntervalMs);
-		$this->strategy = $this->detectBestStrategy();
+		$this->strategy            = $this->detectBestStrategy();
 	}
 
 	public function getName(): string
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@ class FileWatcher extends AbstractProcess implements OnProcessInterface
 
 	private function isFswatchAvailable(): bool
 	{
-		$output = [];
+		$output    = [];
 		$returnVar = 0;
 		exec('which fswatch 2>/dev/null', $output, $returnVar);
 		return $returnVar === 0 && !empty($output[0]);
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ class FileWatcher extends AbstractProcess implements OnProcessInterface
 	public function process(Process|null $process): void
 	{
 		if (class_exists('\\Swoole\\Coroutine')) {
-			\Swoole\Coroutine::set(['enable_deadlock_check' => false]);
+			Coroutine::set(['enable_deadlock_check' => false]);
 		}
 
 		if ($this->running) {
@@ -180,13 +184,13 @@ class FileWatcher extends AbstractProcess implements OnProcessInterface
 		$this->stopFswatchProcess();
 
 		if ($this->pollTimer) {
-			\Swoole\Timer::clear($this->pollTimer);
-			$this->pollTimer = null;
+			Timer::clear($this->pollTimer);
+			$this->pollTimer = -1;
 		}
 
 		if ($this->debounceTimer) {
-			\Swoole\Timer::clear($this->debounceTimer);
-			$this->debounceTimer = null;
+			Timer::clear($this->debounceTimer);
+			$this->debounceTimer = -1;
 		}
 
 		@Event::exit();
@@ -229,6 +233,7 @@ class FileWatcher extends AbstractProcess implements OnProcessInterface
 		}
 		$this->fswatchProcess = null;
 	}
+
 	private function isExcluded(string $path): bool
 	{
 		foreach ($this->excludePatterns as $pattern) {
@@ -252,23 +257,25 @@ class FileWatcher extends AbstractProcess implements OnProcessInterface
 
 	private function triggerCallback(array $changedFiles): void
 	{
-		$changedFiles = array_values(array_unique(array_filter($changedFiles, function ($file) {
-			return !$this->isExcluded($file) && $this->hasValidExtension($file);
-		})));
+		$changedFiles = array_filter($changedFiles, function ($file) {
+				return !$this->isExcluded($file) && $this->hasValidExtension($file);
+			})
+		                |> array_unique(...)
+		                |> array_values(...);
 
 		if (empty($changedFiles)) {
 			return;
 		}
 
 		if ($this->debounceTimer) {
-			\Swoole\Timer::clear($this->debounceTimer);
+			Timer::clear($this->debounceTimer);
 		}
 
-		$now = intdiv(hrtime(true), 1000000);
+		$now     = intdiv(hrtime(true), 1000000);
 		$elapsed = $this->lastReloadAtMs > 0 ? $now - $this->lastReloadAtMs : $this->minReloadIntervalMs;
-		$delay = max($this->debounceMs, $this->minReloadIntervalMs - $elapsed);
+		$delay   = max($this->debounceMs, $this->minReloadIntervalMs - $elapsed);
 
-		$this->debounceTimer = \Swoole\Timer::after($delay, function () use ($changedFiles) {
+		$this->debounceTimer = Timer::after($delay, function () use ($changedFiles) {
 			$this->debounceTimer = null;
 			$this->reload($changedFiles);
 		});
@@ -284,7 +291,7 @@ class FileWatcher extends AbstractProcess implements OnProcessInterface
 
 		try {
 			$this->lastReloadAtMs = intdiv(hrtime(true), 1000000);
-			$preview = implode(', ', array_slice($changedFiles, 0, 3));
+			$preview              = implode(', ', array_slice($changedFiles, 0, 3));
 			if (count($changedFiles) > 3) {
 				$preview .= ' ...';
 			}
@@ -300,58 +307,6 @@ class FileWatcher extends AbstractProcess implements OnProcessInterface
 		}
 	}
 
-	private function reloadWorkers(): bool
-	{
-		$pid = $this->getMasterPid();
-		if ($pid === null) {
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		return Process::kill($pid, SIGUSR1);
-	}
-
-	private function getMasterPid(): ?int
-	{
-		$processes = $this->listProcesses();
-		$candidates = [];
-
-		$pidFile = function_exists('storage') ? storage('.swoole.pid') : '';
-		if (is_file($pidFile)) {
-			$candidates[] = (int)trim((string)file_get_contents($pidFile));
-		}
-
-		foreach ($processes as $process) {
-			if ($this->isMasterProcessCommand($process['command'])) {
-				$candidates[] = (int)$process['pid'];
-			}
-		}
-
-		foreach (array_values(array_unique(array_filter($candidates))) as $pid) {
-			if ($this->isProcessAlive($pid) && $this->isMasterPid($pid, $processes)) {
-				return $pid;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return null;
-	}
-
-
-	/**
-	 * @param int   $pid
-	 * @param array $processes
-	 * @return bool
-	 */
-	private function isMasterPid(int $pid, array $processes): bool
-	{
-		foreach ($processes as $process) {
-			if ((int)$process['pid'] === $pid) {
-				return $this->isMasterProcessCommand($process['command']) && $this->isSameAppProcess($pid);
-			}
-		}
-
-		return false;
-	}
-
 	private function isMasterProcessCommand(string $command): bool
 	{
 		$prefix = '[' . config('site.id', 'system-service') . '].Master[';
@@ -374,37 +329,12 @@ class FileWatcher extends AbstractProcess implements OnProcessInterface
 		return rtrim(str_replace('\\', '/', $real), '/');
 	}
 
-	private function listProcesses(): array
-	{
-		$lines = [];
-		exec('ps -eo pid=,ppid=,args=', $lines);
-
-		$processes = [];
-		foreach ($lines as $line) {
-			$line = trim($line);
-			if ($line === '') {
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			$parts = preg_split('/\s+/', $line, 3);
-			if (count($parts) < 3) {
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			$processes[] = [
-				'pid' => (int)$parts[0],
-				'ppid' => (int)$parts[1],
-				'command' => $parts[2],
-			];
-		}
-
-		return $processes;
-	}
 
 	private function isProcessAlive(int $pid): bool
 	{
 		return $pid > 1 && @Process::kill($pid, 0);
 	}
+
 	private function startInotify(): void
 	{
 		$this->inotifyFd = inotify_init();
@@ -426,9 +356,9 @@ class FileWatcher extends AbstractProcess implements OnProcessInterface
 
 			$changedFiles = [];
 			foreach ($events as $event) {
-				$wd = $event['wd'];
-				$dir = $this->inotifyWatchMap[$wd] ?? '';
-				$name = $event['name'] ?? '';
+				$wd       = $event['wd'];
+				$dir      = $this->inotifyWatchMap[$wd] ?? '';
+				$name     = $event['name'] ?? '';
 				$filePath = $name === '' ? $dir : $dir . '/' . $name;
 
 				if (($event['mask'] & IN_CREATE) && $filePath !== '' && is_dir($filePath) && !$this->isExcluded($filePath)) {
@@ -452,7 +382,7 @@ class FileWatcher extends AbstractProcess implements OnProcessInterface
 
 		if (is_file($path)) {
 			if ($this->hasValidExtension($path)) {
-				$wd = inotify_add_watch($this->inotifyFd, $path, IN_MODIFY | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE | IN_MOVE | IN_CLOSE_WRITE);
+				$wd                         = inotify_add_watch($this->inotifyFd, $path, IN_MODIFY | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE | IN_MOVE | IN_CLOSE_WRITE);
 				$this->inotifyWatchMap[$wd] = dirname($path);
 			}
 			return;
@@ -462,7 +392,7 @@ class FileWatcher extends AbstractProcess implements OnProcessInterface
 			return;
 		}
 
-		$wd = inotify_add_watch($this->inotifyFd, $path, IN_MODIFY | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE | IN_MOVE | IN_CLOSE_WRITE);
+		$wd                         = inotify_add_watch($this->inotifyFd, $path, IN_MODIFY | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE | IN_MOVE | IN_CLOSE_WRITE);
 		$this->inotifyWatchMap[$wd] = $path;
 
 		$items = scandir($path);
@@ -517,7 +447,7 @@ class FileWatcher extends AbstractProcess implements OnProcessInterface
 				return;
 			}
 
-			$files = explode("\0", trim($data, "\0"));
+			$files        = explode("\0", trim($data, "\0"));
 			$changedFiles = array_values(array_filter($files, function ($file) {
 				return $file !== '';
 			}));
@@ -530,15 +460,15 @@ class FileWatcher extends AbstractProcess implements OnProcessInterface
 	{
 		$this->buildFileSnapshot();
 
-		$intervalMs = $this->pollInterval * 1000;
-		$this->pollTimer = \Swoole\Timer::tick($intervalMs, function () {
+		$intervalMs      = $this->pollInterval * 1000;
+		$this->pollTimer = Timer::tick($intervalMs, function () {
 			if (!$this->running || $this->scanning) {
 				return;
 			}
 
 			$this->scanning = true;
 			try {
-				$newSnapshot = [];
+				$newSnapshot  = [];
 				$changedFiles = $this->compareSnapshots($newSnapshot);
 				if (!$this->running) {
 					return;
diff --git a/Abstracts/HotReload.php b/Abstracts/HotReload.php
index d6faa43..ef46db4 100644
--- a/Abstracts/HotReload.php
+++ b/Abstracts/HotReload.php
@@ -15,267 +15,195 @@ use Kiri\Server\Processes\AbstractProcess;
 class HotReload extends AbstractProcess
 {
 
-
-    /**
-     * @var mixed
-     */
-    protected mixed $pipe;
+	use ReloadWorkers;
 
 
-    /**
-     * @var LoggerInterface|StdoutLogger
-     */
-    #[Container(LoggerInterface::class)]
-    public StdoutLogger|LoggerInterface $logger;
+	/**
+	 * @var mixed
+	 */
+	protected mixed $pipe;
 
 
-    /**
-     * @var bool
-     */
-    protected bool $enable_coroutine = false;
+	/**
+	 * @var LoggerInterface|StdoutLogger
+	 */
+	#[Container(LoggerInterface::class)]
+	public StdoutLogger|LoggerInterface $logger;
 
 
-    /**
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected array $watches = [];
+	/**
+	 * @var bool
+	 */
+	protected bool $enable_coroutine = false;
 
 
-    /**
-     * @var bool
-     */
-    protected bool $enable_queue = false;
+	/**
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected array $watches = [];
 
 
-    /**
-     * @var bool
-     */
-    protected bool $reloading = false;
+	/**
+	 * @var bool
+	 */
+	protected bool $enable_queue = false;
 
 
-    /**
-     * @throws \Exception
-     */
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-        di(EventProvider::class)->on(OnWorkerStart::class, [di(Router::class), 'scan_build_route']);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @var bool
+	 */
+	protected bool $reloading = false;
 
 
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function getName(): string
-    {
-        return 'hotReload';
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @throws \Exception
+	 */
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		di(EventProvider::class)->on(OnWorkerStart::class, [di(Router::class), 'scan_build_route']);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function onSigterm(): void
-    {
-        $this->stop();
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function getName(): string
+	{
+		return 'hotReload';
+	}
 
 
-    public function stop(): void
-    {
-        parent::stop();
-        if (isset($this->pipe) && is_resource($this->pipe)) {
-            @Event::del($this->pipe);
-            @fclose($this->pipe);
-        }
-        @Event::exit();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @param ?Process $process
-     */
-    public function process(Process|null $process): void
-    {
-        $this->pipe = inotify_init();
-        $this->addListen();
-        Event::add($this->pipe, function () use ($process) {
-            $read = inotify_read($this->pipe);
-            if (count($read) > 0) {
-                $this->reload();
-            }
-        });
-        Event::cycle(function (): void {
-            if ($this->isStop()) {
-                Event::exit();
-            }
-        });
-        Event::wait();
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function onSigterm(): void
+	{
+		$this->stop();
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function reload(): void
-    {
-        if ($this->reloading) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $this->reloading = true;
+	public function stop(): void
+	{
+		parent::stop();
+		if (isset($this->pipe) && is_resource($this->pipe)) {
+			@Event::del($this->pipe);
+			@fclose($this->pipe);
+		}
+		@Event::exit();
+	}
 
-        di(StdoutLogger::class)->println('reloading server[' . \config('site.id', 'system-service') . '], please waite.');
-
-        $this->clear();
-        if (!$this->reloadWorkers()) {
-            di(StdoutLogger::class)->println('reload server failed: master pid not found or signal failed');
-        }
-        $this->addListen();
-
-        $this->reloading = false;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param ?Process $process
+	 */
+	public function process(Process|null $process): void
+	{
+		$this->pipe = inotify_init();
+		$this->addListen();
+		Event::add($this->pipe, function () use ($process) {
+			$read = inotify_read($this->pipe);
+			if (count($read) > 0) {
+				$this->reload();
+			}
+		});
+		Event::cycle(function (): void {
+			if ($this->isStop()) {
+				Event::exit();
+			}
+		});
+		Event::wait();
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * @return void
-     */
-    private function reloadWorkers(): bool
-    {
-        $pid = $this->getMasterPid();
-        if ($pid === null) {
-            return false;
-        }
+	/**
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function reload(): void
+	{
+		if ($this->reloading) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$this->reloading = true;
 
-        return Process::kill($pid, SIGUSR1);
-    }
+		di(StdoutLogger::class)->println('reloading server[' . \config('site.id', 'system-service') . '], please waite.');
 
-    private function getMasterPid(): ?int
-    {
-        $processes = $this->listProcesses();
-        $candidates = [];
+		$this->clear();
+		if (!$this->reloadWorkers()) {
+			di(StdoutLogger::class)->println('reload server failed: master pid not found or signal failed');
+		}
+		$this->addListen();
 
-        $pidFile = function_exists('storage') ? storage('.swoole.pid') : '';
-        if (is_file($pidFile)) {
-            $candidates[] = (int)trim((string)file_get_contents($pidFile));
-        }
-
-        foreach ($processes as $process) {
-            if ($this->isMasterProcessCommand($process['command'])) {
-                $candidates[] = (int)$process['pid'];
-            }
-        }
-
-        foreach (array_values(array_unique(array_filter($candidates))) as $pid) {
-            if ($this->isProcessAlive($pid) && $this->isMasterPid($pid, $processes)) {
-                return $pid;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    private function isMasterPid(int $pid, array $processes): bool
-    {
-        foreach ($processes as $process) {
-            if ((int)$process['pid'] === $pid) {
-                return $this->isMasterProcessCommand($process['command']) && $this->isSameAppProcess($pid);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    private function isMasterProcessCommand(string $command): bool
-    {
-        $prefix = '[' . config('site.id', 'system-service') . '].Master[';
-        return str_contains($command, $prefix);
-    }
-
-    private function isSameAppProcess(int $pid): bool
-    {
-        $cwd = @readlink('/proc/' . $pid . '/cwd');
-        if ($cwd === false || $cwd === '') {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        return $this->normalizePath($cwd) === $this->normalizePath(APP_PATH);
-    }
-
-    private function normalizePath(string $path): string
-    {
-        $real = realpath($path) ?: $path;
-        return rtrim(str_replace('\\', '/', $real), '/');
-    }
-
-    private function listProcesses(): array
-    {
-        $lines = [];
-        exec('ps -eo pid=,ppid=,args=', $lines);
-
-        $processes = [];
-        foreach ($lines as $line) {
-            $line = trim($line);
-            if ($line === '') {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            $parts = preg_split('/\s+/', $line, 3);
-            if (count($parts) < 3) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            $processes[] = [
-                'pid' => (int)$parts[0],
-                'ppid' => (int)$parts[1],
-                'command' => $parts[2],
-            ];
-        }
-
-        return $processes;
-    }
-
-    private function isProcessAlive(int $pid): bool
-    {
-        return $pid > 1 && @Process::kill($pid, 0);
-    }
-    protected function addListen(): void
-    {
-        foreach (config('servers.reload.listen') as $value) {
-            $this->readDirectory($value);
-        }
-    }
+		$this->reloading = false;
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function clear(): void
-    {
-        $this->watches = [];
-    }
+	private function isMasterProcessCommand(string $command): bool
+	{
+		$prefix = '[' . config('site.id', 'system-service') . '].Master[';
+		return str_contains($command, $prefix);
+	}
 
-    /**
-     * @param string $directory
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function readFile(string $directory): void
-    {
-        if (str_ends_with($directory, '.php') === true) {
-            inotify_add_watch($this->pipe, $directory, IN_MODIFY | IN_MOVE | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE);
-        }
-    }
+	private function isSameAppProcess(int $pid): bool
+	{
+		$cwd = @readlink('/proc/' . $pid . '/cwd');
+		if ($cwd === false || $cwd === '') {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		return $this->normalizePath($cwd) === $this->normalizePath(APP_PATH);
+	}
+
+	private function normalizePath(string $path): string
+	{
+		$real = realpath($path) ?: $path;
+		return rtrim(str_replace('\\', '/', $real), '/');
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * @param string $directory
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function readDirectory(string $directory): void
-    {
-        foreach (glob($directory . '/*') as $data) {
-            if (is_dir($data)) {
-                $this->readDirectory($data);
-            } else {
-                $this->readFile($data);
-            }
-        }
-    }
+	private function isProcessAlive(int $pid): bool
+	{
+		return $pid > 1 && @Process::kill($pid, 0);
+	}
+
+	protected function addListen(): void
+	{
+		foreach (config('servers.reload.listen') as $value) {
+			$this->readDirectory($value);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function clear(): void
+	{
+		$this->watches = [];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $directory
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function readFile(string $directory): void
+	{
+		if (str_ends_with($directory, '.php') === true) {
+			inotify_add_watch($this->pipe, $directory, IN_MODIFY | IN_MOVE | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $directory
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function readDirectory(string $directory): void
+	{
+		foreach (glob($directory . '/*') as $data) {
+			if (is_dir($data)) {
+				$this->readDirectory($data);
+			} else {
+				$this->readFile($data);
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }
diff --git a/Abstracts/ReloadWorkers.php b/Abstracts/ReloadWorkers.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09e46f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Abstracts/ReloadWorkers.php
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Kiri\Server\Abstracts;
+
+use Swoole\Process;
+
+trait ReloadWorkers
+{
+
+	/**
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	private function reloadWorkers(): bool
+	{
+		$pid = $this->getMasterPid();
+		if ($pid === null) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		return Process::kill($pid, SIGUSR1);
+	}
+
+	private function getMasterPid(): ?int
+	{
+		$processes  = $this->listProcesses();
+		$candidates = [];
+
+		$pidFile = function_exists('storage') ? storage('.swoole.pid') : '';
+		if (is_file($pidFile)) {
+			$candidates[] = (int)trim((string)file_get_contents($pidFile));
+		}
+
+		foreach ($processes as $process) {
+			if ($this->isMasterProcessCommand($process['command'])) {
+				$candidates[] = (int)$process['pid'];
+			}
+		}
+
+		foreach ($candidates
+		         |> array_filter(...)
+		         |> array_unique(...)
+		         |> array_values(...) as $pid) {
+			if ($this->isProcessAlive($pid) && $this->isMasterPid($pid, $processes)) {
+				return $pid;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	private function isMasterPid(int $pid, array $processes): bool
+	{
+		foreach ($processes as $process) {
+			if ((int)$process['pid'] === $pid) {
+				return $this->isMasterProcessCommand($process['command']) && $this->isSameAppProcess($pid);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return false;
+	}
+	private function listProcesses(): array
+	{
+		$lines = [];
+		exec('ps -eo pid=,ppid=,args=', $lines);
+
+		$processes = [];
+		foreach ($lines as $line) {
+			$line = trim($line);
+			if ($line === '') {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			$parts = preg_split('/\s+/', $line, 3);
+			if (count($parts) < 3) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			$processes[] = [
+				'pid'     => (int)$parts[0],
+				'ppid'    => (int)$parts[1],
+				'command' => $parts[2],
+			];
+		}
+
+		return $processes;
+	}
+}